Neurosurgery is a very challenging surgical specialty where techniques and technologies are constantly developing. Minimally-invasive procedures using surgical microscopes and endoscopes are increasingly used which achieve comparable or better results than open surgery. Here are some examples of the main types of conditions that neurosurgeons treat: tumours of the brain, spine and skull, trauma to the head and spinal cord, degenerative spinal conditions and prolapsed, discs, cerebral (brain) aneurysms and strokes, epilepsy, infections, movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, certain psychiatric disorders, congenital conditions such as spina bifida, pituitary tumours and neuroendocrine disorders